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                <text>photo of Betsy Wyckoff as Freedom Rider</text>
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                <text>This is a 1961 photo of Dr. Elizabeth Wyckoff as a Freedom Rider. Known as Betsy, she was fined $200, sentenced to two months and served time in Parchman prison after being arrested in Jackson, Mississippi and convicted for â€˜breach of the peace'.&#13;
&#13;
Her arrest was used as a test case when she argued that the Mississippi authorities were 'using the breach of peace statute unlawfully to enforce segregation.â€™ * Her case openly&#13;
challenged whether the Freedom Riders should be arrested at all. In response, the presiding judge stated Wyckoff â€˜was not convicted of a violation of any law with reference to integration or segregationâ€¦â€™. *&#13;
&#13;
Defended by William Kuntsler, her case went all the way to the Supreme Court, but lost.&#13;
 &#13;
 Originally a member of New York CORE when it was still in midtown, she stayed with the chapter when it moved to 125th street in Harlem and worked in its office. She also walked the picket line during the campaign against Woolworth's. &#13;
&#13;
  She transferred over to Downtown CORE when it started up because she was already living in the area. She was also involved in a relationship with fellow member Russel Blackwell.&#13;
&#13;
* The Baltimore Afro-American, June 9, 1962.</text>
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                <text>This is a 1936 yearbook photo of Downtown CORE member Betsy Wyckoff. The future Dr. Elizabeth Wyckoff, PhD, was at the time a senior at Bryn Mawr college where she graduated magna cum laude.&#13;
&#13;
The daughter of Dr. John H. Wyckoff, a prominent cardiologist and dean of the NYU and Bellevue Medical College, she majored in ancient classics with a distinction in Greek.  While at Bryn Mawr, she won several of the college's top scholarships and also studied at Newnham college, part of the university of Cambridge in England. As a professor and scholar in her field, she taught Greek at Mount Holyoke college. According to her application for the Freedom Rides, she also taught at  Bryn Mawr, Wells and Vassar.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>photo of Chris Sprowal as president of Union of the Homeless</text>
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                <text>This is a photo of Chris Sprowal on the cover of the November 1986 issue of the news magazine, City Limits. By the early 1980â€™s, a failed marriage ultimately led him to return to Philadelphia, drug addiction and homelessness.&#13;
&#13;
  Rather than stay down and out, he began to organize among the homeless in Philadelphia. He was one of the founders of the Committee for Dignity and Fairness for the Homeless. This led to the creation of the Dignity Shelter, the only shelter in the country founded and run by homeless people. MTV in connection with Bruce Springsteen held a 24 hour telethon on MTV in 1986 to help raise funds for Sprowalâ€™s organizations. &#13;
&#13;
Sprowalâ€™s was also one of the founding members and president of the National Union for the Homeless, one of the largest advocacy groups for the homeless in the country. At a time when the the issue of homelessness had taken on epic proportions, Sprowal was seen as a national spokesman and tireless activist on behalf of the homeless. He was cfrequently featured in the news perhaps more so that when he was a member of CORE.&#13;
&#13;
By the 1990â€™s, Sprowal eventually drifted in and out of drug addiction again to the extent that he was removed from the Dignity organizations he founded and helped lead.  Regardless, it is clear that his time in CORE had a transformative effect on his life and that his career in politics and as an activist is an evolution of his experience in CORE. To use an idea borrowed from Dr. Nishani Frazier, his history should be seen as an example of the transformative nature of CORE.&#13;
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                <text>This is an early 1970â€™s photo of Downtown CORE member Chris Sprowal. His personal story speaks to what Dr. Nishani Frazier identifies as the transformative nature of CORE. &#13;
&#13;
   Originally from Philadelphia, Sprowal had been locked up on several different occasions before coming into Downtown CORE, including three different times for narcotics. In speaking about those years as an addict, he stated, â€˜I wasted more of my life in a jail cell where I broke the habit cold turkey. One day I walked off Rikerâ€™s Island and got hooked on COREâ€™.&#13;
&#13;
 Sprowal was one of the CORE leaders that led a protest demonstration of students the day after the NYPD shooting of a Black teenager that led to the Harlem riots. Sprowal was reported by the NY Times as having â€™cautioned the demonstrators to behave like ladies and gentlemanâ€™. The chanting of the 175 students, mostly schoolmates of the student that was killed, ranged from â€˜We Shall Overcomeâ€™ to chants of â€˜Kill a Cop! Letâ€™s Go!â€™. Sprowal and other CORE leaders present called for murder charges to be placed on the police officer responsible.&#13;
&#13;
  Sprowal was also one of the leaders of the rally that preceded the actual riot in Harlem that became the start of the â€˜long hot summersâ€™. Sprowal was again quoted by the New York Times at the rally as saying, â€œIt is time to let â€˜the manâ€™ know that if he does something to us we are going to do something backâ€¦. I belong to a non-violent organization, but Iâ€™m not non-violent. When a cop shoots me, I will shoot him back.â€&#13;
&#13;
  Soon afterwards, Sprowal became a member of COREâ€™s ruling body, the National Action Council (NAC). &#13;
&#13;
   By 1970, Sprowal had moved to Freeeport , Long Island and became involved in politics. He was considered one of Nassau Countyâ€™s leading Black democrats, and the head of a Black caucus within the Nassau County Democratic party. He started a Black Power group in 1972 , the Political Organization and Workshop for Education and Registration (POWER). Married with kids, he went on to earn a college degree from the State University of New York.  At one point, he owned his own home. &#13;
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                <text>This is a photo of a Long Island CORE member being arrested for his part in the chapter's July 4, 1963 demonstration at  Jones Beach.  The chapter was protesting in order to gain jobs for Blacks and Puerto Ricans in the Long Island State Park Commission.</text>
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 He was also one of the three field workers killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi, by the Ku Klux Klan in the summer of 1964 for his civil rights work in the Mississippi Freedom Project. he was only 24 years old.&#13;
&#13;
 A Columbia Univ. grad student at the time, he was working as a social worker and teacher.</text>
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                <text>This is a photo of Rita Schwerner a founding member of Downtown CORE and the the wife of Mickey Schwerner. She also worked on the Mississppi Freedom Project.&#13;
&#13;
Originally an English major at Queens College/CUNY, she went on to get a J.D. From Rutgers Univ.&#13;
&#13;
She is currently  a principal in the law firm Skellenger Bender located in Seattle, Washington. According to her website, 'Rita is admitted to practice in the federal and state courts in Washington, as well as the United States Supreme Court and the United States Courts of Appeals for the Ninth and Third Circuits.'&#13;
&#13;
It should be noted that she pursued justice for her husband for more than forty years.  As captured in the documentary "Neshoba",  Edgar Ray Killen, a former KKK member, was finally convicted in 2005 for his role in the murders of Schwerner, Goodman and Chaney.&#13;
&#13;
 "My husband, Michael Schwerner, did not die in vain. If he and Andrew  Goodman had been Negroes, the world would have taken little notice of  their deaths. After all, the slaying of a Negro in Mississippi is not  news. It is only because my husband and Andrew Goodman were white that the national alarm has been sounded." - Rita Schwerner&#13;
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